Belakangan ini, marak pemberitaan di media massa mengenai kasus pembobolan ATM yang dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab yang ingin mendapatkan suatu keuntungan. Sudah banyak ATM dari beberapa Bank di berbagai daerah di Indonesia menjadi korban pembobolan, bank tersebut antara lain BRI, Bank Mandiri, BNI, BCA, Bank Permata, BII dan yang terakhir terjadi pada Mei 2011 adalah Bank OCBC NISP yang berada di kawasan Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat. Cara yang digunakan oleh para pembobol ini pun bermacam-macam. Mulai dari yang sederhana dengan melapisi pembaca kartu ATM dengan plastik agar kartu seperti tertelan mesin sampai dengan membuat ATM scimmer dan juga menyebarkan program berbasis virus untuk menumbangkan sistem pertahanan ATM.

Masyarakat selalu dihimbau untuk melaporkan kepada polisi jika menemukan kasus pembobolan bank. Kemudian polisi akan mengusut kasus ini dan menangkap pelakunya. Namun hukum apa yang akan digunakan untuk memberi hukuman bagi para pelaku kejahatan pembobolan bank tersebut? Hukum secara konvensional atau hukum yang berasal dari Undang-undang No. 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik? Saya tidak mengerti tentang hukum konvensional yang berlaku terhadap para pelaku pembobol ATM, namun saya ingin mencoba membahas secara singkat tentang beberapa pasal dalam Undang-undang No.11 tahun 2008 yang dikenakan pada pelaku pembobol ATM tersebut.

Lalu pasal berapa dalam UU No.11 tahun 2008 kira-kira yang tepat dikenakan pada pelaku kejahatan pembobolan ATM ini? Harianto dalam sebuah tulisan di blognya mengatakan dari 19 bentuk tindak pidana yang tercantum dari pasal 27 sampai dengan pasal 37 terdapat 2 pasal yang berkaitan dengan tindakan pembobolan ATM, yaitu pasal 30 ayat 3 yang berbunyi “Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum mengakses Komputer dan/atau Sistem Elektronik dengan cara apa pun dengan melanggar, menerobos, melampaui, atau menjebol sistem pengamanan.” dan pasal 36 yang berbunyi “Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 27 sampai dengan pasal 34 yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi orang lain.”  Dapat disimpulkan dari dua pasal di atas bahwa “Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum mengakses komputer dan/atau sistem elektronik dengan cara apapun dengan melanggar, menerobos, melampaui, atau menjebol sistem pengamanan yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian bagi orang lain” yang akan dikenakan tindakan pidana.

Selain itu, saya juga menambahkan pasal 33 pada UU No.11 tahun 2008 untuk juga dapat dijadikan dasar hukum pidana bagi para pembobol ATM ini karena di pasal ini menyebutkan tentang tindakan melawan hukum yang menyebabkan terganggunya sistem elektronik dan/atau menyebabkan sistem tersebut menjadi tidak berfungsi. Pelaku pembobol ATM dengan cara menempelkan plastik pada alat pembaca kartu ATM dapat menyebabkan sistem dari mesin ATM tersebut menjadi tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya dan menyebabkan kartu ATM dari para costumer bank tertelan di dalam mesin dan dapat dikelompokkan di dalam mengganggu sistem elektronik. Kemudian, penggunaan alat scimmer ATM atau penyebaran virus juga dapat dikelompokkan sebagai kegiatan yang mengganggu sistem elektronik. Ditambah lagi kegiatan pembobolan ini termasuk kegiatan penjebolan sistem pengamanan yang dapat merugikan banyak orang dalam hal ini adalah para customer bank. Karena itu menurut saya, ketiga pasal inilah yang dapat dikenakan kepada para pelaku pembobolan ATM bank tersebut.

Karena banyaknya kejadian pembobolan ATM berlangsung dari waktu ke waktu maka masyarakat perlu meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga keamanan informasi. Tindakan hukum yang diberikan kepada para pelaku kejahatan pembobolan ATM tidak lantas menyebabkan para pelakunya jera. Hal ini terbukti dengan masih terjadinya kasus yang sama di masyarakat. Karena itu kita sebagai pengguna ATM harus dapat menjaga sendiri keamanan informasi ATM agar tidak merugikan diri sendiri dalam segi uang.

Ketua              : Pandam Rukmi Wulandari (20207845)

Anggota          :  Delvita Dita Putri Anggrayni (20207269)

Shelly Huzaynah (21207019)

Sri Wahyu Handayani (21207047)

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

Object             : Manufacturing Accounts Payable Department

Klien               : Anthoni CPA

Selengkapnya: KKP Kelompok 01

c. 1. Decrease in ARACR                                = CUER Increase

2. Decrease in Population size                       = CUER Increase

3. Decrease in sample size                            = CUER Increase

4. Decrease in number of exception   = CUER Increase

d. Sample size and Number of exception have the greatest effects on the CUER,

population size has the least effect on the CUER

e. It is necessary to compare the CUER with the TER because the auditor need to analyze

the individual exception to find the weakness of internal control

Selengkapnya14-29

NPM         :20207269

Kertas Kerja Pemeriksaan 1

IP 1

1. According to Section 404 of SOX a public company’s annual report must include            an internal control report. What are the two required elements of management’s          report on internal control?

The two required elements of management’s report on internal control are:

1. state the responsibility of management for establishing and maintaining an     adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting

2. contain an assessment, as of the end of the most internal control structure and            procedures of the issuer for financial reporting.

2. What obligation does a public company’s auditor have with respect to internal control over financial reporting according to Section 404?

With respect to the internal control over financial reporting required by subsection          each registered public accounting firm that prepares or issues the audit report for   the issuer shall attest to, and report on, the assessment made by the management             of the issuer. An attestation made under this subsection shall be made in             accordance with standards for attestation engagements issued or adopted by the            Board. Any such attestation shall not be the subject of a separate engagement.

.

Sumber:

Sarbanes_oxley_Act_of_2002.pdf (http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_arens_audit_12/68/17414/4458021.cw/index.html)

IP 2

1. Who serves on the PCAOB’s standing advisory group (SAG)? How often does the        group meet?

SAG includes of 30 highly qualified persons who representing the auditing          profession, public companies, investors, and others. This board also granted six     organizations observer status with speaking rights at all SAG meetings: The          Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public   Accountants, the Department of Labor, the Financial Accounting Standards Board,    the Government Accountability Office, the International Auditing and Assurance           Standards Board, and the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Douglas J. Anderson
Corporate Auditor, The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Mich.

John L. (Arch) Archambault
National Managing Partner of Professional Standards, Grant Thornton LLP
Chicago, Ill.

Dennis R. Beresford
Ernst & Young Executive Professor of Accounting, Terry College of     Business, The University of Georgia
Athens, Ga.
Boards of Directors, Various Public Companies

Neri Bukspan
Chief Quality Officer and Chief Accountant, Credit Market Services,     Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC
New York, N.Y.

Douglas R. Carmichael
Claire and Eli Mason Professor of Accountancy, Zicklin School of Business,      Baruch College
New York, N.Y.

James D. Cox
Brainerd Currie Professor of Law, School of Law, Duke University
Durham, N.C.

Sharon S. Fierstein
Partner, Litigation & Corporate Financial Advisory Services, Marks Paneth       & Shron, LLP
New York, N.Y.

Margaret M. Foran
Chief Governance Officer, Vice President, and Corporate Secretary
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Newark, N.J.

Michael J. Gallagher
Assurance Partner and U.S. National Office Leader,     PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, N.J.

Gaylen R. Hansen
Audit Partner and Director of Accounting and Auditing Quality Assurance,        Ehrhardt Keefe Steiner & Hottman PC
Denver, Colo.

Gail L. Hanson
Deputy Executive Director, State of Wisconsin Investment Board
Madison, Wis.

Patricia Ann K. (Kiko) Harvey
Vice President, Corporate Audit, Delta Air Lines
Atlanta, Ga.

Gary R. Kabureck
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, Xerox Corporation
Norwalk, Conn.

Anthony S. Kendall
Chief Executive Officer, Mitchell & Titus LLP
New York, N.Y.

Wayne A. Kolins
Partner and National Director of Assurance, BDO Seidman, LLP; Global          Head    of Audit and Accounting, BDO International
New York, N.Y.

Jeffrey P. Mahoney
General Counsel, Council of Institutional Investors
Washington, D.C.

Jamie S. Miller
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer, General Electric          Company
Fairfield, Conn.

Mary Hartman Morris
Investment Officer, Global Equity, California Public Employees’ Retirement        System
Sacramento, Calif.

Steven B. Rafferty
Professional Practices Partner, BKD, LLP
Springfield, Mo.

Samuel J. Ranzilla
Audit Partner and National Managing Partner, Audit Quality and           Professional Practice, KPMG LLP
New York, N.Y.

Kevin B. Reilly
Assurance Partner, National Professional Practice Group, Ernst & Young          LLP
New York, NY

Barbara L. Roper
Director of Investor Protection, Consumer Federation of America
Washington, D.C.

Lawrence J. Salva
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller, Comcast          Corporation
Philadelphia, Pa.

Kurt N. Schacht
Executive Director, Centre for Financial Market Integrity, CFA Institute
New York, N.Y.

James V. Schnurr
Senior National Professional Practice Director, Audit and Enterprise Risk          Services, Deloitte & Touche LLP
Wilton, Conn.

R. Harold Schroeder
Director of Relative Value Arbitrage, Carlson Capital
Greenwich, Conn.

Damon A. Silvers
Director of Policy and Special Counsel, AFL-CIO
Washington, D.C.

Paul J. Sobel
Vice President, Internal Audit, Mirant Corporation
Atlanta, Ga.

Lynn E. Turner
Senior Advisor and Managing Director, LECG
San Francisco, Calif.

John W. White
Partner, Corporate Department, Co-chair of the Corporate Governance and     Board Advisory Practice, Cravath, Swaine & Moore, LLP
New York, N.Y

The SAG meets           :two or three times per year.

1. Review the most recent agenda for the SAG and briefly describe some of the key issues discussed during that meeting.

The key issues discussed during the meeting are:

-         Type of risk of material misstatement

-         The adequacy of fair value disclosure

-         Specialist’s work

-         Scope of a proposed standard on using the work of specialist

-         structural or cultural impediments to audit committees obtaining the information they need to fulfill their responsibilities to oversee the work of the auditor

-         What kind of Audit committee communications can improve

-         Requirement  for auditor to discuss his assessment of the quality of disclosures in financial statements with the audit committee

-         Additional communication requirements which benefit to audit committee

-         The board consider to provide information about the firm and the type of information

-         Risk associated with related party transaction

-         Financial relationships between auditor and management.

-         Undisclosed related party transaction and relationships.

-         Other relationships that might pose risk similar to related party transaction

-         Management assertion regarding equivalency with Arm’s-Length terms.

Source:

http://www.pcaobus.org/Standards/Standards_Setting.aspx

www.google.com

IP 3

1. The EDGAR web site describes many SEC-required forms. Explain the purpose of each of the following SEC forms:
   • Form 8-K : This is a report of unscheduled material events or corporate changes deemed of importance to the shareholders or to the SEC. Items 1-3 and 8 must be reported in an 8-K within 15 days of the event. Items 4 and 6 must be filed within 5 business days after the event, and Item 5 is optional, meaning there is no mandatory time for filing.
   • Form 10-K : This report provides a comprehensive overview of the registrant. The report must be filed within 90 days after close of company’s fiscal year and contains the following items of disclosure
   • Form 10-KSB : This is 10-K form which used a small business. Used for provides a comprehensive overview of the registrant.

1. Search EDGAR for the 10-K filings of the three companies listed below. Within the 10-K filings locate the independent auditor’s report and identify the type of opinion it is (e.g., unqualified, qualified, disclaimer, adverse) and what type of explanatory paragraph, if any, the opinion contains (e.g., going concern or emphasis of a matter). (Hint: You may be able to search the company’s 10-K by using the Internet browser’s “Find” command typically located in the “Edit” menu.)
   • General Motors Corporation (10-K filed 3-13-2003)

Regarding to the 10-K filing of General Motors Corporation page 36, We         can identify that the type of auditor’s opinion is unqualified.

Independent Auditors’ Report

General Motors Corporation, its Directors, and Stockholders:

We have audited the Consolidated Balance Sheets of General Motors Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related Consolidated Statements of Income, Cash Flows, and Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002. Our audits also included the Supplemental Information to the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income and Cash Flows and financial statement schedule listed at Item 15 (collectively, the financial statement schedules). These financial statements and the financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of General Motors Corporation and subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, effective January 1, 2002, General Motors Corporation changed its method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets to conform to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”

1. • Ford Motor Company (10-K filed 3-14-2003)

Regarding to the 10-K filing of Ford Motor Company page 130, We can          identify that the type of auditor’s opinion is unqualified.

Report of Independent Accountants

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Ford Motor Company:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the               related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash                  flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of                     Ford Motor Company and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001, and               the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three         years in the period ended December 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting                  principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In                       addition, in our opinion, the accompanying sector balance sheet and the                  related sector statements of income and cash flows, presented for purposes        of additional analysis, present fairly, in all material respects, the                    information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related                     consolidated financial statements. The consolidated and sector financial               statements (collectively, the “financial statements”) are the                        responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to                     express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We                 conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with                    auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America,                     which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable                      assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material                misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence                   supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,               assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by        management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.                   We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, on               January 1, 2002, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting                Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, which changed                   the method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets. In                     addition, as discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements,             on January 1, 2002, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting                 Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-                   Lived Assets”, which changed the method of accounting for discontinued                   operations. Also, as discussed in Note 17 to the consolidated financial                  statements, on January 1, 2001, the Company adopted Statement of Financial             Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and                    Hedging Activities”.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Detroit, Michigan

January 17, 2003

1. • The Home Depot (10-K filed 4-21-2003)

Regarding to the 10-K filing of The Home Depot Inc. we can identify that                                  the type of auditor’s opinion is unqualified.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

The Home Depot, Inc.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Home                 Depot, Inc. and subsidiaries as of February 2, 2003 and February 3, 2002                 and the related consolidated statements of earnings, stockholders’ equity                and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in the                   three-year period ended February 2, 2003. These consolidated financial                    statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our                          responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial                  statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally

accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we                plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether                the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit                   includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and               disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing                  the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by                         management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement                        presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for                  our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above

present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The                  Home Depot, Inc. and subsidiaries as of February 2, 2003 and February 3,               2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of             the years in the three-year period ended February 2, 2003, in conformity                 with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of                  America.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Atlanta, Georgia

February 24, 2003

Source: http://www.secinfo.com/d17xw.11v.htm

http://www.sec.gov/about/forms/secforms.htm

http://www.gm.com/corporate/investor_information/sec/

http://www.ford.com/about-ford/investor-relations/company-reports/us-sec-edgar-filings?iframeurl=http%3A//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml%3Fc%3D87772%26p%3Dirol-sec%26secCat01.1_rs%3D21%26secCat01.1_rc%3D10%26control_searchbox%3D%26control_selectgroup%3D1%26x%3D41%26y%3D6

http://ir.homedepot.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=63646&p=irol-sec&secCat01.1_rs=11&secCat01.1_rc=10&control_searchbox=&control_selectgroup=1

IP 4

1. What specific client-related matters prompted Goldstein and Morris’s decision to conceal certain information from the PCAOB?

The specific client-related matters:

Federal     law prohibits a registered public accounting firm from providing its issuer       audit clients with certain bookkeeping services

he and two subordinates discussed what to do about the fact that the         Firm had provided NYFW and RTG with the services

2. What sanctions were imposed on the firm, the managing partner, and the two             other partners involved in the investigation? Were these sanctions fair?

The sanction were:

1. Goldstein & Morris, CPAs, P.C.’s registration with the Board is revoked

2. Edward B. Morris is barred from being an associated person of registered                 public accounting firm

The sanction for Goldberger were:

1. Alan J. Goldberger ir hereby censured

2. William A. Postelnik is hereby censured

I think the sanctions were fair because there were so many fraud found by the    PCAOB Board.

Source:

http://www.pcaobus.org/Enforcement/Disciplinary_Proceedings/index.aspx

http://www.pcaobus.org/Enforcement/Disciplinary_Proceedings/2005/05-24_Goldstein_and_Morris.pdf

http://www.pcaobus.org/Enforcement/Disciplinary_Proceedings/2005/05-24_Goldberger_and_Postelnik.pdf

IP 5

1. What allegedly occurred according to the complaint underlying LR No. 18487?

-         Blackwelder prepared and arranged to have issued at least one false press release  announcing a major licensing deal for STWA that, in fact, did not exist.

-         Blackwelder posted positive messages about STWA on Internet stock message board without disclosing, as required, that he received shares of STWA as payment for the promotion.

-         Blackwelder posting unbiased views about STWA and its stock, when he was actually paid promoter.

1. What section(s) of federal securities laws was the primary named individual, Billy Blackwelder, accused of violating?

Section 17(b) of the security Act and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and Rule 10b 5 thereunder

Source:

www.google.com

http://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/lr18487.htm

IP 6

1. Read the statements issued by the PCAOB and SEC on May 16, 2005 and briefly describe the apparent underlying cause(s) for auditors’ failure in applying the concept of reasonable assurance. Hint: Read the portion of the PCAOB’s policy statement entitled “The Importance of Professional Judgment.”

Because they use one-size-fits-all audit plan driven by standardized checklists that may have little to do with the unique issues and risks of the particular client’s financial reporting processes.

1. Why do you think firms had such difficulty in applying the concept of reasonable assurance during the first year of implementation of Section 404?

Because they have a difficulty in applying the standard to audit clients in different            industries and different size of company. They also have a difficulty to focus their     work on areas that pose higher risks of misstatement, due either to errors and         fraud.

IP 7

1. Read about ACL’s solution for data quality and fraud detection. How might an auditor use ACL’s data analytics software for these two purposes?

For fraud detection:

Technology makes it possible to quickly analyze complete data populations.       Instead of pulling random samples or relying on those all-too-rare hotline calls,       you can actively target specific data patterns, activities and exceptions that             uncover fraud.

ACL technology helps detect and prevent fraud by allowing organizations to:

• Test 100 percent of transactions
• Quickly access data from any source
• Flag all suspicious activity
• Automate testing to free up resources for more strategic investigations
• Summarize fraud risks for management review

For data quality:

ACL solutions allow audit teams to work more productively and efficiently by    enabling direct immediate access to all of the source data required for audit analysis and by harnessing the power of server technology to rapidly analyze             limitless volumes of any type of transactional data.

1. How might ACL be used by a company to comply with the requirements related to internal control over financial reporting? Hint: Take a look at ACL’s Continuous Controls Monitoring software.

Continuous Monitoring is the method that a business process owner or management uses to ensure that internal controls related to business activities      and       financial reporting are working as intended. By providing perpetual             assessment of   key controls and insight into transactions, continuous      monitoring can help organizations quickly identify issues that significantly   impact the bottom line.

ACL offers another continuous monitoring product for organizations      interested in continuously monitoring specific business areas. Our CCM product is designed with the following plug and play modules:

• CCM Purchase to Payment Module
• CCM Purchasing Card Module
• CCM Travel & Entertainment Module
• CCM General Ledger Module
• CCM Payroll Module
• CCM Order to Cash Cycle Module

Source:

http://www.acl.com/

IP 8

Internet Problem 8-1 (Industry Research and Client Acceptance)

The vignette at the beginning of Chapter 6 in the text contains a brief description of the ZZZZ Best fraud. One area where the auditors were particularly criticized in that audit had to do with the auditors’ lack of industry knowledge. With hindsight it appeared that the fraud should have been easily detected because ZZZZ Bests’ large restoration contracts were in excess of $7 million while the largest restoration jobs on record in the insurance restoration industry were less than $3 million.

You have been approached by On the Sunny Side, a team sports uniform designer and manufacturer for women, about performing the company’s financial statement audit. The company began operations eight years ago and has experienced strong growth in the last several years. Teri Kloth, the chief executive officer, has told you that her company expects production in 2004 to be 450,000 units. She also provided summary historical financial and operating data regarding unit sales. In   2002 and 2003, the company reported sales of 365,000 and 402,000 units, respectively.
Are On the Sunny Side’s 2002 and 2003 unit sales reasonable? Why or why not? (Hint: Visit the U.S. Census Bureau’s web site. Once you are at the site, go to the “Business” section and then to the “Manufacturing” sector-specific data section. Once you are there, locate the Current Industrial Reports. Next search the CIRs by Subject Title for Apparel. Data about women’s team sports uniforms can be found by search for “Apparel.” Use the most current annual report for your analysis.

It’s fair.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau’s
Internet Problem 8-2 (Obtain Client Background Information)

Planning is one of the most demanding and important aspects of an audit. A carefully planned audit increases auditor efficiency and provides greater assurance that the audit team addresses the critical issues. Auditors frequently prepare audit planning documents that provide client and industry background information and discuss important accounting and auditing issues related to the client’s financial statements.

Your assignment is to find and document information for inclusion in the audit planning memorandum. You should obtain the necessary information by downloading a public company’s most recent annual report from its web site (your instructor will give you the company’s name). You may also use other sources of information such as recent 10-K filings to find additional information. You should address the following matters in four brief bulleted responses:

• Brief company history.
• Description of the company’s business (for example, related companies and competitors).
• Key accounting issues identified from a review of the company’s most recent annual report. (Note: Do not concentrate solely on the company’s basic financial statements. Careful attention should be given to Management’s Discussion and Analysis as well as the Footnotes.)
• Necessary experience levels (that is, years of experience and industry experience) required of the auditors to be involved in the audit.

-         Company history

The coca cola company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beveragr concentrates and syrups in the world. Finished beverage productcs bearing our trademarks, sold in United States since 1886, are now in        more than 200 countries. Along with coca cola, which is recognized as the        world’s mast valuable brand, we market four of the world’s top five nonalcoholic             sparkling brands, including diet coke, Fanta and Sprite.

The Coca Cola Company incorporated in September 1919 under the laws of the           State of Delaware and succeded to the business of a Georgia corporation with the same name that had been organized in 1892.

-         Company’s business

The Coca Cola Company business is nonalcoholic beverages-principally sparkling         beverages, but also variety of still beverages. They manufacture beverage          concentrates and syrups, which we sell to bottling and canning operations,             fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers, as well as finished beverages,   which we sell primarily to distributors.

The Coca Cola Company has six operating segments, they are in: Eurasia and    Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, Pacific, Bottling Investments, and    Corporate.

Multon, Russian Juice business operated as a joint venture with Coca Cola        Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. The company also has joint venture with Nestle,             Ilko Coffee International, S.r.1. in Brazil and Mexico.

The Competitors:

One of primary competitor for The Coca Cola Company is PepsiCo Inc. Other             significant competitors include, but are not limited to, Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple    Group, Inc., Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc., and Unilever.

The competitive factors:

Pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased     efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new       vending and dispensing equipment, and brand and trademark development and             protection.

-         Key accounting issues

Management Analysis for accounting:

Management consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with             accounting principles generally accepted in United states, which require    management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the    amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying      notes. They believe that their most critical accounting policies and estimates relate            to the following:

a. Basic of presentation and consolidation

They  use  equity  method  to  account  for   investment   in   companies.   Their         consolidated net income includes their Company proportionate share of the net         income or loss of these companies.

b. Recoverability of noncurrent assets

They perform recoverability and impairment test of noncurrent assets in          accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US. For certain             assets, recoverability and/or impairment tests are required only when conditions           exist that indicated the carrying value may not be recoverable. For other assets,       impairment tests are required at least annually, or more frequently, if events or    circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired.

c. Investment in equity and debt securities

The carrying value of investment in equity securities are determined using the   equity method, or the cost method, or at fair value.

IP 9

1. Imagine that you are employed as an auditor in a CPA firm that performs the audit of Microsoft. Your firm’s materiality guidelines indicate that overall engagement materiality should be set at an amount between five and ten percent of income before taxes.

a.  Apply your firm’s guidelines to Microsoft’s 2003 financial statements. What percentage of income before taxes do you believe is appropriate? Why? What do you believe overall engagement materiality should have been for 2003?

To decide the materiality we should:

- Determine the initial consideration of the materiality
- Allocate initial consideration of materiality to the segment
- Estimated total errors in the segment
- Estimate the combined error
- Compare estimates with the combined initial consideration of the materiality

The percentage of income before taxes are between 5% to 10%, because if  the combined total score lower than 5% is not considered material and require the presence of a variety of qualitative factors.

b.  Given Microsoft’s 2003 balance sheet, what asset line items would be allocated the highest amount of tolerable misstatement? Why?

BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes.

Account receivable would be allocated the highest amount of tolerable misstatement, because it has more value than the other assets so if auditor allocate a small amount for tolerable misstatement, it will need more evidence and it will increase the audit cost for auditor.

Source:

http://www.microsoft.com/msft/SEC/default.mspx

IP 10

1. Use EDGAR to search for Tri-Valley Corporation (TVC) and Monarch Staffing Inc. Find TVC’s 10-K and Monarch’s 10-KSB for the year ended 12-31-06.

For TVC 10-K: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/22551/000002255107000009/tvc123106-10k.htm

For Monarch’s 10-KSB: http://www.secinfo.com/d12PKm.u1p.htm

1. Did either company report material weaknesses in ICFR? If so, what were the weaknesses?

Yes, both companies reported material weaknesses in ICFR for the year ended             12/31/06. TVC reported deficiencies “related to controls over the accounting for complex transactions to Ensure such transactions are recorded as necessary to     permit preparation of financial statements and Disclosures in accordance with     generally accepted accounting principles. Such transactions included: TVC reported deficiencies “related to the control of the complex accounting for the         transaction to ensure that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit         preparation of financial statements and disclosure in accordance with accounting           principles generally accepted. The transaction includes:

-         proved and unproved properties

-         Loan guaranteed with restricted common stocks, loan secured by restricted common stock,

-         Deferred income taxes,

-         Discontinued operations from the sale of our interest in Tri-Western Resources, and stop operation from the sale of our interest in Tri-West

-         Share-based payment arrangements

Monarch Staffing deficiencies reported as follows: Monarch staffing shortages    reported as follows::

We did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate    level of accounting knowledge, experience, and training in the application of U.S           generally accepted accounting principles commensurate with our existing             financial reporting and the requirements we face as a public company.    Accordingly, management has concluded that this control deficiency is a material         weakness, and that contributed to the following material weaknesses.

We did not maintain effective controls with respect to reviewing and      authorization of related-party transactions. Specificially, our control procedures      did not prevent the company from making payments on behalf of other related             parties. Accordingly, management has concluded that this control deficiency       constitutes a material weakness. “Particularly, our monitoring procedures did not             prevent the Company made payments on behalf of related parties other. Therefore,           management has concluded that this control deficiency is a material weakness.

IP 11

1. What are three common pitfalls that should be avoided during brainstorming sessions? How can these problems be avoided?

Three common pitfalls that should be avoided during brainstorming session are:

-         Group domination

-         Social loafing

-         Groupthink

-         Groupshift

These problems can be avoided by:

-         Assign homework (give the theme of the next discussion so team member can focus on coming up with ideas about how and where the entity is susceptible)

-         Establish ground rules (Leader should establish a strong foundation for brainstorming sessions by communicating fundamental ground rules before a session begin)

-         Set the tone (The leader should genuinely encourage all audit team members)

-         Take a “zero tolerance” stance on criticism (The leader must make it clear that no criticism out any issue presented will be allowed while the group is generating ideas  about fraud risk.

-         Encourage more not less (Participants should make every effort to generate as many ideas as possible about how and where the entity may be susceptible to fraud and how management might conceal its action.

-         Credit the group, not individuals (Leader should assign credit for ideas generated to the group as a whole rather than to a contributing member.

-         Manage group size and composition (team leader must not only include the ones who will be key to discussion at hand, but also understand how group size might affect the outcomers.

1. What are three important techniques to improve the effectiveness of a brainstorming session?

Three important techniques to improve the effectiveness of a brainstorming session are:

-         Open brainstorming: is an unstructured technique auditors can use in which discussions follow very few rules and procedures.

-         Round-robin brainstorming: is a structured technique characterized by a session that begins with a period of no talking during which team members engage in silent “self-brainstorming,” or “brainwriting,” to form their ideas.

-         Electronic brainstorming: is an increasingly popular technique that combines open brainstorming with software technology.

Source:

http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/dec2003/beasley.htm

IP 12

1. How does IT governance fit into an organization’s overall governance?

IT governance fits into an organization’s overall governance by:

-         Using the leadership and organizational structure and processes to extends the enterprise’s strategies and objectives.

-         Become an effective communication among all parties based on constructive relationships.

-         Using certification process for professionals who have a significant management, advisory, or assurance role relating to the Governance of IT.

1. The Executive Summary makes five recommendations for management with respect to IT. What are these recommendations?

-         Establish an overall cross-functional compliance team and a dedicated sub team managed by a director level person. The team should be supported by C-level executives and include executive from finance, IT, Legal, marketing and affected business units.

-         Coordinate IT activities within the scope of an overall security and disaster recovery plan.

-         Have finance or audit take final responsibility to ensure compliance wit SOX. Marketing should take the lead on customer data usage decisions affecting privacy as well as the Do Not Call Registry. IT is one input to the whole process.

1. How would an auditor likely view a company’s IT environment if the organization had implemented the above recommendations?

A judgmental approach to assessing the effect IT has on the auditor’s study and             evaluation of internal controls and the nature and extent of substantive testing             may no longer be adequate. Such an approach allows auditors too much leeway to      decide whether to perform tests of controls or bypass such tests and only perform             substantive tests. SAS 94¹ provides auditors with much-needed guidance          regarding the effect of IT on internal controls. The standard requires tests of controls in certain situations, regardless of the level of control risk² set by the             auditor. The evaluation of internal controls is not complete until the auditor         obtains a sufficient understanding of the controls’ design and determines whether       critical internal controls are present in the automated environment, in operation          and working as intended. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board            (PCAOB) Standard No. 2³ upholds SAS 94 and discusses the IT control    objectives to consider in assessing internal controls for US Securities and             Exchange Commission registrants.

Source:

http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:Nhv8GFfqsaMJ:searchcio.techtarget.com/searchCIO/downloads/C_Braunstein_EDITED.ppt+How+does+IT+governance+fit+into+an+organization%E2%80%99s+overall+governance&cd=2&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id&client=firefox-a

http://www.isaca.org/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=34376&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm

Source:

2005-05-16_release_2005-009.pdf (http://www.pcaobus.org/Rules/Docket_008/2005-05-16_Release_2005-009.pdf)

Asuransi dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Th 1992 tentang usaha perasuransian adalah perjanjian antara dua pihak atau lebih, dengan mana pihak penanggung mengikatkan diri kepada tertanggung, dengan menerima premi asuransi, untuk memberikan penggantian kepada tertanggung karena kerugian, kerusakan atau kehilangan keuntungan yang diharapkan atau tanggung jawab hukum pihak ke tiga yang mungkin akan diderita tertanggung, yang timbul dari suatu peristiwa yang tidak pasti, atau memberikan suatu pembayaran yang didasarkan atas meninggal atau hidupnya seseorang yang dipertanggungkan.

Badan yang menyalurkan resiko disebut tertanggung, yang menerima resiko disebut penanggung dan perjanjian diantara kedianya disebut kebijakan.

Asuransi terbagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu:

1. Asuransi sosial

Jenis asuransi ini merupakan asuransi yang dijamin oleh undang-undang.

Contohnya: JAMSOSTEK, Asuransi yang terdapat dalam pembelian suatu tiket

Kendaraan.

2. Asuransi komersial

Asuransi komersial ini umumnya terbagi lagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu:

a. Asuransi umum (asuransi kerugian)

contoh: asuransi properti

b. Asuransi Jiwa

Perusahaan asuransi tidak akan mungkin sanggup membayar ganti premi kepada semua tertanggung, karenanya perusahaan asuransi biasanya melakukan reasuransi yaitu perusahaan asuransi akan mengasuransikan kembali suatu asuransi yang diajukan oleh pihak tertanggung yang ada di perusahaan tersebut kepada perusahaan lain.

Premi asuransi adalah sejumlah uang yang harus dibayarkan setiap bulannya sebagai kewajiban dari tertanggung atas keikutsertaannya di asuransi. Besarnya premi atas keikutsertaan di asuransi yang harus dibayarkan telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan asuransi dengan memperhatikan keadaan-keadaan dari tertanggung.

Perusahaan asuransi berbeda dari bank dalam beberapa hal, seperti:

Perusahaan asuransi juga melakukan investasi untuk memutar premi yang dibayarkan pihak tertanggung. Investasi tersebut tidak sebebas seperti yang dilakukan oleh bank. Investasi yang dilakukan perusahaan asuransi hanya sekitar 5-10% dari premi total yang ada di perusahaan untuk setiap produk investasi. Investasi pada perusahaan asuransi dapat berupa obligasi jangka panjang, saham, bahkan sampai tanah.

Perusahaan asuransi dalam kegiatannya lebih mementingkan solvabilitas yaitu kemampuannya untuk membayar polis kepada pihak tertanggung, sedangkan bank mementingkan likuiditas.

Review

Penerapan Metode Activity-Based Costing System Dalam Menentukan Besarnya

Tarif Jasa Rawat Inap

Skripsi ini membicarakan tentang penggunaan system Activity-Based Costing (ABC) pada perusahaan jasa yang dalam hal ini adalah RSUD Batang dalam kaitannya dengan penentuan tarif jasa rawat inap. Tujuan dari penulis membuat skripsi ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan menemukan selisih nominal harga rawat inap antara metode ABC dan metode tradisional.

Sistem Activity-Based Costing adalah metode penentuan harga pokok yang menelusur biaya ke aktivitas, kemudian ke produk. Perbedaan utama penghitungan harga pokok produk antara akuntansi biaya tradisional dengan ABC adalah jumlah cost driver (pemicu biaya) yang digunakan dalam metode ABC lebih banyak dibandingkan dalam sistem akuntansi biaya tradisional yang biasa digunakan RSUD Batang. Cost driver yang disebutkan di atas adalah factor yang dapat menerangkan konsumsi biaya-biaya overhead. Cost driver merupakan landasan penting untuk menghitung biaya berdasarkan aktivitas.

Sebenarnya, system ABC lebih banyak diterapkan pada perusahaan manufaktur namun system ini ternyata juga bisa diterapkan pada perusahaan jasa dengan beberapa ketentuan khusus.

Berdasarkan penelitian dalam skripsi ini, RSUD Batang menggunakan metode akuntansi biaya konvensional dalam menentukan harga pokok jasa. Metode akuntansi biaya konvensional hanya mempertimbangkan biaya yang bersifat langsung dan tidak  mempertimbangkan biaya tidak langsung. Penjumlahan biaya tetap dan variable digunakan untuk menentukan harga pokok rawat inap dengan jumlah hari pasien menginap sebagai dasr untuk perhitungan tarif.

Perhitungan tarif jasa rawat inap dengan metode ABC melalui 2 tahap:

1. Peneluran biaya melalui aktivitas yang menimbulkan biaya

2. membebankan biaya ke produk.

Setelah kedua tahap tersebut dilakukan selanjutnya menambahkan dengan laba yang diinginkan untuk menentukan tariff.

Dari seluruh hasil perhitungan yang dilakukan peneliti dalam skripsi ini tergambar bahwa perhitungan  tariff dengan metode ABC memberikan hasil yang lebih besar daripada menggunakan metode tradisional. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pembebanan biaya overhead pada setiap produk.  Pada metode ABC, pembebanan overhead pada banyak cost driver sehingga metode ini mampu mengalokasikan biaya aktivitas kesetiap kamar.

nomor 2

nomor-3

Pada Tanggal 4 Maret 2009, Bank Indonesia memutuskan untuk menurunkan BI Rate sebesar 50 bps menjadi 7,75 persen dari nilai sebelumnya sebesar 8,25 persen pada februari 2009. Keputusan tersebut diambil terkait dengan keadaan perekonomian secara menyeluruh di dalam dan luar negeri. Keputusan Bank Indonesia untuk menurunkan BI Rate dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat kondisi perekonomian Indonesia dan stabilitas makro-ekonomi serta system keuangan negara Indonesia dalam keadaan krisis keuangan global seperti saat ini sekalipun BI menilai bahwa kondisi perbankan nasional sampai saat ini masih cukup stabil. Penurunan yang terjadi tersebut diharapkan dapat dapat mengurangi tekanan inflasi sehingga memiliki kecenderungan mendekati batas bawah yaitu sekitar 5-7 %. Menurut Deputi Senior Bank Indonesia Miranda S. Goeltom turunnya laju inflasi merupakan akibat turunnya harga barang-barang luar negeri dan barang-barang yang dikendalikan oleh pemerintah.

Dalam suatu situs berita internet (okezone.com) Menteri Keuangan RI Sri Mulyani yang ditemui di Gedung DepKeu tanggal 10 Maret 2009, berpendapat bahwa penurunan nilai BI rate tersebut mempunyai konsekuensi menurunnya suku bunga perbankan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan deviden pemerintah dari sector perbankan. Selain itu, penurunan suku bunga SBI diharapkan bisa memberi kebaikan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan debitur agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dana dan ekspansi perusahaan. Namun saat diwawancarai, beliau masih belum bisa memberi gambaran apa yang akan terjadi dari sisi APBN. “Itu benefit dari sisi yang lebih besar dan lebih banyak, dan dari sisi APBN kita semua lihat saja nanti” pungkasnya.

Namun penurunan tersebut masih mengkhawatirkan beberapa pihak seperti halnya Komite Tetap Bidang Perdagangan Dalam Negeri. Ketua Komite Tetap Bidang Perdagangan Dalam Negeri berpendapat bahwa turunnya BI Rate belum memberikan jaminan bahwa suku bunga bank akan turun juga sehingga kredit bagi pengusaha akan mudah. Beliau juga mengatakan bahwa kondisi perbankan di negara Indonesia masih diselimuti oleh masalah likuiditas kering yang berarti penurunan BI rate belum tentu bisa mendongkrak permintaan kredit. Beliau berharap stimulus fiscal tahunn 2009 segera diimlementasikan agar dapat membantu memulihkan likuiditas rupiah di pasar uang.

Keputusan penurunan BI Rate tersebut telah mendapat dukungan sepenuhnya dari Presiden RI Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Keputusan beliau tersebut dilakukan guna menanggapi keluhan dari Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia (HIPMI) atas keadaan suku bunga yang tak kunjung turun dalam sebuah pertemuan. Dalam pertemuan tersebut, HIPMI menyambaikan bahwa untuk mencegah Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) adalah dengan adanya aliran modal (kredit) dengan rate yang tidak merugikan baik bank maupun pengusaha.

Peresiden mengakui dalam hal penentuan tingkat BI rate, Bank Indonesia haruslah sangat berhati-hati. Menurut beliau sinergi antara pemerintah , para pengusaha, dan perbankan sangat penting untuk dapat menumbuhkan dunia usaha.

Sudarsono (2004), Bank Syariah adalah lembaga keuangan yang usaha pokoknya memberikan kredit dan jasa-jasa lain dalam lalu-lintas pembayaran serta peredaran uang yang beroperasi dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah.

Schaik (2001) mengemukakan bahwa terdapat tujuh prinsip ekonomi Islam yang menjiwai bank syariah, yaitu:

(1) keadilan, kesamaan dan solidaritas;

(2) larangan terhadap objek dan makhluk;

(3) pengakuan kekayaan intelektual;

(4) harta sebaiknya digunakan dengan rasional dan baik (fair way);

(5) tidak ada pendapatan tanpa usaha dan kewajiban;

(6) kondisi umum dari kredit (meliputi; pertama, peminjam yang mengalami kesulitan keuangan sebaiknya diperlakukan secara baik, diberi tangguh waktu, bahkan akan lebih baik bila diberi keringanan, dan kedua, terdapat beberapa perbedaan pendapat mengenai hukum selisih antara kredit dan harga spot, ada yang berpendapat bahwa itu adalah suku bunga implisit dan ada juga yang berpendapat bahwa hal tersebut dibolehkan untuk mengakomodasi biaya transaksi – bukan biaya dari pembiayaan; dan

(7) dualiti risiko, di satu sisi sebagai bagian dari persetujuan kredit (liability) usaha produktif yang merupakan legitimasi dari bagi hasil, di lain sisi risiko sebaiknya diambil secara hati-hati, risiko yang tak terkontrol sebaiknya dihindari.

Source of Fund dari bank syariah:

1. Wadiah (untuk giro dan tabungan)

2. Mudharabah : a. Mudharabah Mutlaqah (untuk tabungan dan deposito)

b. Mudharabah Muqayyadah (untuk investasi)

Use of Fund dari Bank Syariah:

1. Prinsip Jual-beli

2. Prinsip Sewa-beli

3. Prinsip Bagi hasil

4. Prinsip Pembiayaan lain.

Bank syariah juga memiliki simpanan minimum di Bank Indonesia yang disebut SWBI (Simpanan Wadiah Bank Indonesia)

Bank Indonesia harus memisahkan rekening simpanan wajib antara Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional karena bank syariah menjalankan usahanya dengan sistem syariah.

Keuntungan yang didapat oleh Bank Syariah tergantung dari pendapatan yang dihasilkan oleh sektor riil bukan tergantung dari tingkat suku bunga.